2 Chronicles - Chapter 16

Hanani, a prophet, came to King Asa and told him that because he relied on the king of Aram and not on God, the army of the king of Aram has escaped from his hand.  We then read:

"Asa was angry with the seer because of this; he was so enraged that he put him in prison. At the same time Asa brutally oppressed some of the people."

This is the time in the Bible that we read of a King persecuting a prophet of God.  But it would not be the last.  In the New Testament (Mark 6) we read this about John the Baptist - the prophet preparing the way for Jesus:

"For Herod himself had given orders to have John arrested, and he had him bound and put in prison. He did this because of Herodias, his brother Philip’s wife, whom he had married. For John had been saying to Herod, “It is not lawful for you to have your brother’s wife.”"